Dark circles are a widespread aesthetic concern that affects a diverse age group, often making individuals look tired, aged, or unwell. While commonly perceived as a minor cosmetic issue, they often reflect deeper skin physiology and lifestyle-related causes. Understanding the root cause is key to selecting the appropriate treatment, whether it’s topical care or advanced dermatological procedures.

What Are Dark Circles?

Dark circles refer to discoloration and/or shadowing under the eyes. They may be accompanied by puffiness or hollowness, and are usually a result of one or more underlying factors such as pigmentation, vascular congestion, or fat and volume loss.

Causes of Dark Circles

1. Genetics – Predisposition in families, especially in individuals with deeper skin tones.
2. Volume Loss – With age or genetics, the under-eye fat pad diminishes, causing hollowing.
3. Pigmentation – From rubbing, sun exposure, eczema, or melanin overproduction.
4. Vascular Factors – Thin skin reveals blood vessels, giving a bluish hue.
5. Allergies and Atopic Skin – Chronic inflammation from allergic rhinitis or dermatitis.
6. Lifestyle Issues – Lack of sleep, stress, dehydration, smoking, or nutrient deficiencies.
7. Fluid Retention – Puffy eyes especially in the morning from excess salt or sleep posture.

Types of Dark Circles

For more details, read our article, 8 types of dark circles and their treatment

How to Choose the Right Eye Cream for Dark Circles

The thin, sensitive peri-orbital skin demands a specialized approach.

Ingredient Guide by Type:

• Pigmented Circles:
  Niacinamide, Vitamin C, Arbutin, Kojic Acid, Retinoids (gentle strength), Licorice extract
• Vascular Circles:
  Caffeine, Green Tea Extract, Peptides, Vitamin K
• Eye Bags:
  Caffeine, Chamomile, Peptides, Cooling agents to reduce swelling
• Puffy Eyes:
  Caffeine, Chamomile, Cooling Gel Formulas

Selection Tips:

• Use fragrance-free, non-comedogenic, and ophthalmologist-tested products.
• Lightweight gel textures for oily or sensitive skin; richer creams for mature or dry skin.
• Airless pumps or tubes to avoid contamination and preserve active ingredients.
• Layer with broad-spectrum sunscreen in the daytime.

Dermatological Procedures for Dark Circles

Lifestyle Modifications That Support Treatment

• Sleep 7–8 hours and manage screen exposure.
• Reduce allergens and avoid rubbing the eyes.
• Eat a Vitamin C, E, and iron-rich diet.
• Stay hydrated and cut down on salt.
• Wear UV-protective sunglasses and sunscreen.
• Use cold compresses or eye masks to reduce puffiness.

Conclusion: Dermatologist’s Perspective

Dark circles are not one-size-fits-all. Whether caused by pigmentation, vascular visibility, or structural hollows, an accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the best course of treatment.

Dr. Surbhi’s Advice:
“Start with understanding the type of dark circle you have. Then choose a customized approach—eye creams for pigment, procedures like fillers for structural issues, and lifestyle tweaks to prevent recurrence. Long-term success lies in a well-rounded plan tailored to your needs.”